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Reference
Glossary
Knots
All
Loom
Yarn
Fabric
Structure
Production
Warp
Maintenance
57 terms — tap to expand
Beam / Beaming
Winding the warp yarn from a creel of cones onto the warp be…
Warp
Beat-up
The forward stroke of the reed that presses each new pick (w…
Loom
Breast Beam
The front beam over which finished cloth passes before windi…
Loom
Cloth Roll
The roll at the front of the loom that takes up finished fab…
Loom
Count (Ne)
Cotton/English count — the number of 840-yard hanks per poun…
Yarn
Count (Nm)
Metric count — meters per gram. Higher = finer. Nm ≈ Ne × 1.…
Yarn
Crank Shaft
The main shaft of the loom that converts motor rotation into…
Maintenance
Creel
The frame that holds yarn packages (cones/cheeses) during wa…
Warp
Crimp
The waviness or interlacement of a yarn in the fabric, expre…
Yarn
Denier
Weight in grams of 9,000 meters of yarn. Lower denier = fine…
Yarn
Dent
One slot in the reed. Multiple ends may be drawn through one…
Warp
Dobby
A shedding mechanism that controls individual harnesses inde…
Loom
Dobby Knife
The reciprocating blade in a dobby unit that engages the hoo…
Maintenance
Doff / Doffing
Removing a full cloth roll from the loom and starting a new …
Production
Draw-In
The reduction in width from reed to finished fabric due to c…
Fabric
Drawing-In
Threading each warp end through its designated heddle eye an…
Warp
Efficiency
Actual output divided by theoretical maximum output, as a %.…
Production
End
A single warp thread. "Total ends" = the full warp width cou…
Warp
EPI
Ends Per Inch — warp thread density measured across the widt…
Fabric
EPM
Ends Per (10) cm — metric equivalent of EPI. EPM ≈ EPI × 3.9…
Fabric
Feeler
A weft detector that stops the loom when the weft breaks or …
Maintenance
Fell
The leading edge of the woven cloth — the point where the la…
Loom
Finished Width
The width of fabric after weaving, any finishing processes, …
Fabric
Float
A yarn segment that passes over two or more threads without …
Structure
GSM
Grams per Square Meter — the weight of the fabric per unit a…
Fabric
Harness / Shaft
A frame holding heddles that controls which warp ends are ra…
Loom
Heddle
A wire or cord with an eye through which a single warp end p…
Loom
Interlacement
The point where a warp end crosses over or under a weft pick…
Structure
Jacquard
A shedding mechanism that controls every warp end individual…
Loom
Let-Off
The mechanism that releases warp from the beam at a controll…
Maintenance
Lockout/Tagout (LOTO)
Safety procedure: isolate and lock energy sources before per…
Maintenance
Loom Speed (RPM)
Revolutions Per Minute — the number of complete weave cycles…
Production
Pick
A single pass of the weft yarn across the width of the shed.…
Production
Plain Weave
The simplest interlacement — every warp end alternately goes…
Structure
Ply
The number of single yarns twisted together to form a plied …
Yarn
PPI
Picks Per Inch — weft thread density measured along the leng…
Fabric
Rapier
A weft-insertion system using rigid or flexible carrier rods…
Loom
Reed
A comb-like device that spaces warp ends and beats the weft …
Loom
Reed Width
The total width in the reed including selvedge allowance and…
Fabric
Repeat
The smallest unit of a weave pattern that tiles across the f…
Structure
S-Twist / Z-Twist
The direction of the twist in a yarn. Z-twist spirals like t…
Yarn
Satin/Sateen
Long floats with minimal interlacement points, producing a s…
Structure
Sectional Warping
Winding the warp beam in narrow sections simultaneously, rat…
Warp
Selvedge
The finished edge of the fabric on either side, where the we…
Loom
Shed
The temporary opening formed between raised and lowered warp…
Loom
Shuttle
A boat-shaped carrier that holds a pirn of weft yarn. Found …
Loom
Sizing
Applying a starch/PVA/chemical coating to warp yarns to impr…
Warp
Style Change
Switching a loom from one fabric specification (style) to an…
Production
Take-Up
The mechanism that winds cloth onto the cloth roll at a rate…
Maintenance
Temples
Devices clamped to each edge of the cloth to hold the width …
Loom
Tension
The force applied to warp ends during weaving. Critical for …
Warp
Tex
Weight in grams of 1,000 meters of yarn. A universal count s…
Yarn
Tie-In
Knotting the new warp ends to the old ends already threaded …
Production
Twill
A weave where each weft thread passes over/under 2+ warp end…
Structure
Warp Beam
The large beam at the back of the loom that holds the wound …
Loom
Winding (Winding Frame)
Transferring yarn from one package type to another (cone, bo…
Production
WIR
Weft Insertion Rate — total meters of weft inserted per minu…
Production
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